THE widespread use of planning techniques in private business has led many observers to draw parallels to government planning. Senator Jacob K. Javits, a leading advocate of national economic planning, has stated that “if corporations are to take a look at where their companies are heading, it seems appropriate for the government to do the same.” Well, yes-and then again, maybe. It all depends on what is meant by “planning,” which can connote a variety of different things, depending upon the context.